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Which quantum computing technology will prevail

Determine which physical implementation of quantum computing (e.g., superconducting qubits, trapped-ion qubits, photonic qubits, neutral-atom qubits) will ultimately prevail for practical large-scale systems, or ascertain whether hybrid classical–quantum architectures will become the dominant approach.

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Background

The paper surveys decades of progress across multiple hardware modalities for quantum computing, highlighting rapid advances and remaining challenges such as noise, decoherence, and scalability. Despite substantial demonstrations (e.g., superconducting processors, trapped-ion systems, photonic implementations), selection of a single winning technology—or the likelihood of a hybrid model combining classical and quantum components—remains unsettled.

The authors explicitly note the uncertainty regarding technological dominance and suggest the next decade may clarify practical usefulness and specialization of quantum machines.

References

What brings us at the cusp of time, it is still unknown what technology will prevail , or if it will perhaps be a mixture of the two, quantum and classical working in tandem, a most probable outcome, but what can be stated with greater certainty is that the next ten years will probably reveal and answer far more in terms of quantum machines usefulness and area of their specialty.

— On the Theory of Quantum and Towards Practical Computation (2403.09682 - Kudelić, 7 Feb 2024) in Section 1 (For Once It All Began), end of historical outlook