Competition as a substitute for portability mandates
Determine whether competition among AI platforms can induce functional portability of personalized memory without a portability mandate, despite each incumbent having a symmetric incentive to withhold portability.
References
Whether competition between platforms substitutes for a portability mandate is genuinely open, and it is the extension we would run first: the na\"ive argument that competition forces portability runs into the observation that low $\phi$ raises every incumbent's stake symmetrically, so the incentive to withhold it is common rather than strategic.
— Beyond Provenance: The Economics and Governance of Personalized AI Memory
(2609.25521 - Chen et al., 22 Sep 2026) in Section 10, Discussion and Limitations