Result 271, Mathematical physics

Bloch's law, its lattice correction, and the spherical magnetization law

Proves Bloch's T3/2 law with its exact coefficient for three-dimensional quantum Heisenberg ferromagnets at every positive quantum spin, allowing nonnegative symmetric finite-range couplings whose support generates ℤ3. The thermodynamic limit precedes the zero-field derivative and low-temperature limit. The family also proves spontaneous magnetization for nearest-neighbor models in every dimension d ≥ 3 and determines the first lattice correction for three-dimensional nearest-neighbor couplings.

The bigger picture

Why it matters

A magnet's strength weakens as heat excites waves in its atomic spins. These manuscripts claim precise low-temperature laws for that weakening, while explaining how magnetic order can persist without a preferred direction.

What changes?

The manuscripts report Bloch's law for three-dimensional quantum Heisenberg ferromagnets, lattice models of interacting spins, at every fixed positive quantum spin. Couplings must be nonnegative, symmetric and finite-range, with interaction steps generating the entire integer lattice; spatial anisotropy is allowed. Magnetization loss scales as temperature to the three-halves power, with an exact coefficient determined by the determinant of the quadratic single-spin-wave dispersion. Infinite volume comes before the right zero-field pressure derivative defining magnetization, then low temperature.

What does that help mathematicians do?

For nearest-neighbor isotropic models in every dimension at least three, the manuscripts claim a translation-invariant equilibrium state with magnetization at least one-quarter of the spin at sufficiently low positive temperatures. In three dimensions, along growing even periodic cubes, zero-field magnetization converges in moments to a uniformly random direction of fixed positive magnitude, equal to the right zero-field pressure derivative. This distinguishes rotational symmetry from disorder: averaging directions hides a nonzero ordered magnitude.

Are there practical applications?

The immediate value is foundational: it tests how accurately noninteracting spin waves describe an interacting quantum magnet. For three-dimensional nearest-neighbor models at every fixed positive quantum spin, the reported magnetization deficit matches the full ideal spin-wave density through the temperature-to-the-five-halves term, with a smaller-order remainder. This identifies the first lattice correction beyond Bloch's law, rather than treating the lattice as a continuous medium.

This section was generated by GPT-6 Astra Medium. This explanation is based on the result summary and manuscript abstracts below. This context is separate from OpenAI's source text.

4 manuscripts

Bloch's Law for Finite-Range Heisenberg Ferromagnets in Three Dimensions

October 5, 2026 38 pages

We prove Bloch's T3/2 law for the spontaneous magnetization of three-dimensional quantum Heisenberg ferromagnets at every fixed positive quantum spin. The result holds for every nonnegative symmetric finite-range interaction whose support generates ℤ3, including spatially anisotropic couplings. The leading magnetization deficit has the exact coefficient determined by the determinant of the quadratic one-magnon dispersion. The thermodynamic limit is taken before the right field derivative at zero, and the low-temperature limit is taken last.

Cite (BibTeX)
@misc{OAI:Blochs-Law-for-Finite-Range-Heisenberg-Ferromagnets-in-Three-Dimensions-October-5-2026,
  author = {{OpenAI}},
  title = {{Bloch's Law for Finite-Range Heisenberg Ferromagnets in Three Dimensions}},
  howpublished = {OpenAI Math Release preprint
                  \href{https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Blochs-Law-for-Finite-Range-Heisenberg-Ferromagnets-in-Three-Dimensions-October-5-2026/bloch-law-heisenberg.pdf}{OAI:Blochs-Law-for-Finite-Range-Heisenberg-Ferromagnets-in-Three-Dimensions-October-5-2026}},
  year = {2026}
}

The first lattice correction to Bloch's law

October 5, 2026 37 pages

We prove the first lattice correction to Bloch's law for the three-dimensional nearest-neighbor quantum Heisenberg ferromagnet at every fixed spin S=12,1,32,…S=\tfrac12,1,\tfrac32,\ldots. The spontaneous-magnetization deficit agrees with the full ideal-magnon density up to o(β−5/2)o(\beta^{-5/2}). In addition to the leading Bloch term, this gives the correction 3ζ(5/2)(βS)−5/2/(128π3/2)3\zeta(5/2)(\beta S)^{-5/2}/(128\pi^{3/2}). The magnetization is the right derivative at zero field of the thermodynamic pressure; the volume limit precedes the field derivative, and the low-temperature limit is taken last.

Cite (BibTeX)
@misc{OAI:The-first-lattice-correction-to-Blochs-law-October-5-2026,
  author = {{OpenAI}},
  title = {{The first lattice correction to Bloch's law}},
  howpublished = {OpenAI Math Release preprint
                  \href{https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/The-first-lattice-correction-to-Blochs-law-October-5-2026/first-lattice-correction-bloch-law.pdf}{OAI:The-first-lattice-correction-to-Blochs-law-October-5-2026}},
  year = {2026}
}

The spherical magnetization law for the three-dimensional quantum Heisenberg ferromagnet

October 5, 2026 47 pages

We prove the spherical magnetization law for the three-dimensional nearest-neighbor isotropic quantum Heisenberg ferromagnet at every fixed positive quantum spin and every sufficiently low fixed positive temperature. As the even periodic cubes grow, the symmetric zero-field magnetization converges in moments to a uniform direction with a deterministic positive magnitude. This magnitude equals the right derivative at zero field of the infinite-volume pressure. The law is expressed through self-adjoint linear combinations of the spin components and requires no joint measurement of noncommuting observables.

Cite (BibTeX)
@misc{OAI:The-spherical-magnetization-law-for-the-three-dimensional-quantum-Heisenberg-ferromagnet-October-5-2026,
  author = {{OpenAI}},
  title = {{The spherical magnetization law for the three-dimensional quantum Heisenberg ferromagnet}},
  howpublished = {OpenAI Math Release preprint
                  \href{https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/The-spherical-magnetization-law-for-the-three-dimensional-quantum-Heisenberg-ferromagnet-October-5-2026/spherical-magnetization.pdf}{OAI:The-spherical-magnetization-law-for-the-three-dimensional-quantum-Heisenberg-ferromagnet-October-5-2026}},
  year = {2026}
}

Spontaneous magnetization in the quantum Heisenberg ferromagnet

September 24, 2026 54 pages

For every dimension d ≥ 3 and every spin S∈{12,1,32,…}S\in\{\frac12,1,\frac32,\ldots\}, we prove that the nearest-neighbor isotropic quantum Heisenberg ferromagnet has a translation-invariant, spontaneously magnetized equilibrium state at every sufficiently low positive temperature. The same state satisfies the KMS condition for the zero-field dynamics and has magnetization at least S/4S/4. This resolves the low-temperature ordering problem in the spontaneous-magnetization formulation.

Cite (BibTeX)
@misc{OAI:Spontaneous-magnetization-in-the-quantum-Heisenberg-ferromagnet-September-24-2026,
  author = {{OpenAI}},
  title = {{Spontaneous magnetization in the quantum Heisenberg ferromagnet}},
  howpublished = {OpenAI Math Release preprint
                  \href{https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Spontaneous-magnetization-in-the-quantum-Heisenberg-ferromagnet-September-24-2026/paper.pdf}{OAI:Spontaneous-magnetization-in-the-quantum-Heisenberg-ferromagnet-September-24-2026}},
  year = {2026}
}

Lean formalization

OpenAI's note on what the formalization covers, from lean/docs/271.md.

Bloch's law, its lattice correction, and the spherical magnetization law

The following describes the scope of the Lean formalization related to the following accompanying paper(s):

Scope

The formalization proves spontaneous magnetization for the nearest-neighbor isotropic quantum Heisenberg ferromagnet on Zd\mathbb Z^d for every d≥3d\ge3 and every spin S∈{12,1,32,…}S\in\{\tfrac12,1,\tfrac32,\ldots\}. At every sufficiently low positive temperature, it constructs a translation-invariant equilibrium state satisfying the KMS condition for the zero-field dynamics and having magnetization at least S/4S/4.

It also proves convergence of the finite-volume dynamics to the infinite-volume dynamics used in the KMS statement.

Comparator links

Result Comparator statement
Low-temperature spontaneous magnetization for every positive spin Heisenberg.lean

Data from github.com/openai/math at commit adc7f12, committed October 6, 2026 at 21:58 UTC, last checked for changes about 10 hours ago. Titles, subjects, summaries, abstracts and Lean notes are OpenAI's; page counts are read from the PDFs. The map, related results, search, kinds of results and the named-problem index are Emergent Mind's, built with text embeddings and an LLM, and may contain errors.

An Emergent Mind Labs project. Emergent Mind is not affiliated with OpenAI. None of these results has been peer reviewed. Cite the manuscripts themselves, using the BibTeX on each result's page.