Result 033, Algebraic and complex geometry

Iitaka subadditivity, variation, and logarithmic additivity

Proves Campana's orbifold Iitaka subadditivity conjecture for smooth Fujiki-class-C\mathcal C manifolds with rational simple-normal-crossing boundaries. For projective fibrations f:U→Vf:U\to V of smooth complex quasi-projective varieties with connected fibers, general fiber F, and κˉ(V)≥0\bar\kappa(V)\ge0, proves Popa's inequality κˉ(U)≥κ(F)+max⁡{κˉ(V),Var(f)}\bar\kappa(U)\ge\kappa(F)+\max\{\bar\kappa(V),\mathop{\mathrm{Var}}\nolimits (f)\}, where variation measures the whole geometric generic fiber.

Lean formalization Proof

The bigger picture

Why it matters

Kodaira dimension measures how abundantly a geometric space carries certain intrinsic differential forms. These manuscripts claim that, for broad classes of families, the complexity of the total space must reflect both its fibers and its base.

What changes?

For projective surjective maps with connected fibers between smooth complex quasi-projective varieties, the manuscript assumes the base has nonnegative logarithmic Kodaira dimension. It reports that the total space's logarithmic Kodaira dimension is at least the general fiber's ordinary Kodaira dimension plus the larger of the base's logarithmic Kodaira dimension and the variation. Variation measures parameters needed to define the whole geometric generic fiber up to birational equivalence. Logarithmic dimension allows differential forms with controlled poles at infinity.

What does that help mathematicians do?

The variation term detects complexity that the base's dimension measure alone can miss. If the base has logarithmic Kodaira dimension zero and the general fiber has nonnegative Kodaira dimension, positive variation forces the total space's logarithmic dimension above the fiber's dimension measure. Researchers can therefore rule out families whose proposed total-space complexity is too small to accommodate their changing fibers.

Are there practical applications?

The immediate value is foundational: constraining how complex spaces fit into families. The orbifold manuscript extends subadditivity to smooth compact Fujiki-class C manifolds, those bimeromorphic to compact Kähler manifolds, with rational simple-normal-crossing boundaries, including coefficient one. These boundaries assign rational weights to smooth hypersurfaces meeting like coordinate hyperplanes. The claimed result thus accommodates weighted boundary data beyond the projective setting, with ordinary and logarithmic subadditivity following.

This section was generated by GPT-6 Astra Medium. This explanation is based on the result summary and manuscript abstracts below. This context is separate from OpenAI's source text.

5 manuscripts

Orbifold and logarithmic Iitaka subadditivity

September 26, 2026 55 pages

We prove Campana's orbifold Iitaka subadditivity conjecture for rational simple normal crossing boundaries on compact manifolds in Fujiki class C\mathcal C, including coefficient one. Ordinary and logarithmic subadditivity follow.

Cite (BibTeX)
@misc{OAI:Orbifold-and-logarithmic-Iitaka-subadditivity-September-26-2026,
  author = {{OpenAI}},
  title = {{Orbifold and logarithmic Iitaka subadditivity}},
  howpublished = {OpenAI Math Release preprint
                  \href{https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Orbifold-and-logarithmic-Iitaka-subadditivity-September-26-2026/paper.pdf}{OAI:Orbifold-and-logarithmic-Iitaka-subadditivity-September-26-2026}},
  year = {2026}
}

Logarithmic Kodaira dimension and whole-fiber variation

September 26, 2026 75 pages

We prove the logarithmic Iitaka–Viehweg inequality for projective surjective morphisms with connected fibers between smooth complex quasi-projective varieties whose base has nonnegative logarithmic Kodaira dimension. The variation measures the birational field of definition of the whole geometric generic fiber. This resolves Popa's logarithmic variation conjecture positively.

Cite (BibTeX)
@misc{OAI:Logarithmic-Kodaira-dimension-and-whole-fiber-variation-September-26-2026,
  author = {{OpenAI}},
  title = {{Logarithmic Kodaira dimension and whole-fiber variation}},
  howpublished = {OpenAI Math Release preprint
                  \href{https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Logarithmic-Kodaira-dimension-and-whole-fiber-variation-September-26-2026/paper.pdf}{OAI:Logarithmic-Kodaira-dimension-and-whole-fiber-variation-September-26-2026}},
  year = {2026}
}

The reverse logarithmic Kodaira inequality and additivity

September 26, 2026 51 pages

We prove the reverse logarithmic Kodaira inequality for a surjective connected-fiber morphism f:(X,E)→(Y,D)f:(X,E)\to(Y,D) of smooth projective reduced simple-normal-crossing pairs, with Supp(f∗D)⊆SuppE\mathop{\mathrm{Supp}}\nolimits (f^*D)\subseteq\mathop{\mathrm{Supp}}\nolimits E, such that X and every boundary stratum are smooth over Y∖SuppDY\setminus\mathop{\mathrm{Supp}}\nolimits D. Together with logarithmic subadditivity, the inequality gives additivity, including both negative-infinity cases. This resolves Popa's logarithmic additivity conjecture positively in the projective reduced-SNC, stratum-smooth setting.

Cite (BibTeX)
@misc{OAI:The-reverse-logarithmic-Kodaira-inequality-and-additivity-September-26-2026,
  author = {{OpenAI}},
  title = {{The reverse logarithmic Kodaira inequality and additivity}},
  howpublished = {OpenAI Math Release preprint
                  \href{https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/The-reverse-logarithmic-Kodaira-inequality-and-additivity-September-26-2026/paper.pdf}{OAI:The-reverse-logarithmic-Kodaira-inequality-and-additivity-September-26-2026}},
  year = {2026}
}

Projective Hodge lines and ordinary Iitaka subadditivity

September 27, 2026 40 pages

We prove the ordinary Iitaka subadditivity conjecture for surjective projective morphisms with connected fibers between smooth connected projective varieties over algebraically closed fields of characteristic zero. If F is the geometric generic fiber of f:X→Zf:X\to Z, then κ(X)≥κ(F)+κ(Z)\kappa(X)\geq\kappa(F)+\kappa(Z).

Cite (BibTeX)
@misc{OAI:Projective-Hodge-lines-and-ordinary-Iitaka-subadditivity-September-27-2026,
  author = {{OpenAI}},
  title = {{Projective Hodge lines and ordinary Iitaka subadditivity}},
  howpublished = {OpenAI Math Release preprint
                  \href{https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Projective-Hodge-lines-and-ordinary-Iitaka-subadditivity-September-27-2026/paper.pdf}{OAI:Projective-Hodge-lines-and-ordinary-Iitaka-subadditivity-September-27-2026}},
  year = {2026}
}

B-semiampleness for compact log-smooth Kähler fibrations

September 10, 2026 38 pages

We prove the compact log-smooth Kähler case of b-semiampleness. Let f:Y→Xf:Y\to X be a surjective holomorphic map with connected fibers between smooth compact connected Kähler manifolds, and let Δ be an effective rational divisor with simple normal crossing support and coefficients in [0,1][0,1], with KY+Δ∼Qf∗LK_Y+\Delta\sim_{\mathbb Q}f^*L for L∈Pic(X)QL\in\mathop{\mathrm{Pic}}\nolimits (X)_{\mathbb Q}. There is a smooth compact Kähler modification S→XS\to X for which the threshold-moduli line satisfies MS1=ν∗MSM_{S_1}=\nu^*M_S in Pic(S1)Q\mathop{\mathrm{Pic}}\nolimits (S_1)_{\mathbb Q} for every smooth compact Kähler modification ν:S1→S\nu:S_1\to S, and some positive multiple of MS is represented by a holomorphic line bundle generated by global sections. Horizontal components of coefficient one are allowed; neither projectivity nor a Campana orbifold Iitaka hypothesis is assumed.

Cite (BibTeX)
@misc{OAI:B-semiampleness-for-compact-log-smooth-Kahler-fibrations-September-10-2026,
  author = {{OpenAI}},
  title = {{B-semiampleness for compact log-smooth K{\"a}hler fibrations}},
  howpublished = {OpenAI Math Release preprint
                  \href{https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/B-semiampleness-for-compact-log-smooth-Kahler-fibrations-September-10-2026/paper.pdf}{OAI:B-semiampleness-for-compact-log-smooth-Kahler-fibrations-September-10-2026}},
  year = {2026}
}

Lean formalization

OpenAI's note on what the formalization covers, from lean/docs/033.md.

Iitaka subadditivity, variation, and logarithmic additivity

The following describes the scope of the Lean formalization related to the following accompanying paper(s):

Scope

The paper studies logarithmic Kodaira additivity for connected-fiber morphisms of smooth projective reduced simple-normal-crossing pairs that are smooth on all boundary strata away from the base boundary. The linked formalization proves the negative-fiber branch: for a very general base point, if the logarithmic Kodaira dimension of the fiber is −∞-\infty, then the total logarithmic Kodaira dimension equals the sum of the base and fiber dimensions and is −∞-\infty. Every positive-degree logarithmic pluriform section on the total space then vanishes.

The finite-dimension and negative-base branches of the paper's additivity theorem are outside this selected statement.

Comparator links

Result Comparator statement
Logarithmic Kodaira additivity in the negative-fiber branch LogKodairaFiberNegative.lean

Data from github.com/openai/math at commit adc7f12, committed October 6, 2026 at 21:58 UTC, last checked for changes about 9 hours ago. Titles, subjects, summaries, abstracts and Lean notes are OpenAI's; page counts are read from the PDFs. The map, related results, search, kinds of results and the named-problem index are Emergent Mind's, built with text embeddings and an LLM, and may contain errors.

An Emergent Mind Labs project. Emergent Mind is not affiliated with OpenAI. None of these results has been peer reviewed. Cite the manuscripts themselves, using the BibTeX on each result's page.