How much does the immune response to mutated cells or altered (oxidized, misfolded) molecules (e.g. oxLDL, beta amyloid, alpha synuclein) contribute to ageing?

Quantify the contribution of immune responses to mutated cells and altered molecules (e.g., oxidized LDL, beta-amyloid, and alpha-synuclein) to the progression of ageing and age-related pathology.

Background

Immunogenic responses to damaged or abnormal molecules may drive chronic inflammation in ageing.

The authors present this as an underrepresented open problem, indicating a need for mechanistic and quantitative studies.