Exact distance governing co-activation of Ca_v and K_v channels

Determine the exact distance between voltage-gated calcium channels (Ca_v) and nearby potassium channels (K_v) that governs their co-activation by controlling opening–closing probabilities in neuronal nanodomains.

Background

In neuronal cells, Ca_v and K_v channels can be co-activated, with potassium channels located within tens to hundreds of nanometers from calcium channels. The precise inter-channel spacing that controls gating remains undetermined.

This uncertainty motivates modeling efforts to understand how local voltage nanodomains form and how channel organization modulates activation, but a definitive distance threshold for co-activation is not yet established.