Ribosome pool versus active ribosome fraction

Establish the quantitative relationship between the total ribosome pool (e.g., as inferred from the RNA-to-protein ratio r or proteomics) and the fraction of ribosomes actively elongating, including how this relation varies across conditions and species.

Background

Active ribosomes drive biosynthesis, yet the connection between total ribosome abundance and the actively translating subset is unclear.

Resolving this relation is key to interpreting growth laws that link ribosome allocation to growth rate and to integrating mechanistic models of translation initiation and elongation.