The 2D Materials Roadmap (2503.22476v2)

Abstract: Over the past two decades, 2D materials have rapidly evolved into a diverse and expanding family of material platforms. Many members of this materials class have demonstrated their potential to deliver transformative impact on fundamental research and technological applications across different fields. In this roadmap, we provide an overview of the key aspects of 2D material research and development, spanning synthesis, properties and commercial applications. We specifically present roadmaps for high impact 2D materials, including graphene and its derivatives, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes as well as their heterostructures and moir\'e systems. The discussions are organized into thematic sections covering emerging research areas (e.g., twisted electronics, moir\'e nano-optoelectronics, polaritronics, quantum photonics, and neuromorphic computing), breakthrough applications in key technologies (e.g., 2D transistors, energy storage, electrocatalysis, filtration and separation, thermal management, flexible electronics, sensing, electromagnetic interference shielding, and composites) and other important topics (computational discovery of novel materials, commercialization and standardization). This roadmap focuses on the current research landscape, future challenges and scientific and technological advances required to address, with the intent to provide useful references for promoting the development of 2D materials.

Overview of the 2025 2D Materials Roadmap

The paper "The 2025 2D Materials Roadmap" offers a comprehensive exploration of the current landscape and future potential of two-dimensional (2D) materials, encapsulating the synthesis methods, properties, applications, commercialization, challenges, and research advancements within this rapidly evolving field. Published by IOP Publishing, this roadmap is a collective effort of numerous experts in the domain who provide insights into various high-impact 2D materials, such as graphene and its derivatives, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), and MXenes.

Synthesis and Material Properties

The roadmap highlights two critical avenues in the synthesis of 2D materials: scalable production and precise control. The process of producing these materials consistently, with high quality and in large quantities, remains a focal point for advancing both fundamental research and commercial applications. Explorations in wafer-scale synthesis, automated mechanical exfoliation, and the refinement of growth control are discussed, emphasizing the scientific and technological advancements necessary for future development.

Different synthesis methods such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), molecular beam epitaxy, and atomic layer deposition are examined for their capability to produce 2D materials with desirable properties. The challenges of maintaining pristine interfaces, minimizing contamination, and avoiding transfer-induced inhomogeneities are underscored. The roadmap also focuses on the chemical versatility and structural diversity of 2D materials, which can be leveraged to customize functionalities for specific applications, ranging from electronics to catalysis.

Applications and Technological Integration

A significant portion of the roadmap is dedicated to the transformative impact of 2D materials across various sectors. These materials are poised to revolutionize fields like electronics, energy storage, catalysis, optoelectronics, quantum technologies, and flexible electronics. For instance, graphene's extraordinary electrical and thermal properties make it a suitable candidate for next-generation composites, thermal management systems, and flexible electronic devices.

The roadmap discusses how 2D materials could enhance device architectures, such as in the integration into flexible electronics, offering insights into practical hurdles and technological solutions. Monolithic three-dimensional (3D) integration and hybrid systems are highlighted as promising directions for future semiconductor technologies, enabling higher efficiency and multifunctionality in smaller footprints. These advancements can cater to growing demands in AI, quantum computing, and IoT applications.

Challenges and Future Directions

Despite their promising properties, 2D materials face challenges that impede their industrial application. The roadmap carefully delineates these issues, including the reproducibility of synthesis processes, scalability of production, standardization of material properties, and the stability of electronic properties. Furthermore, the paper addresses environmental concerns and the need for sustainable, eco-friendly synthesis routes to mitigate the high energy demands and material costs.

The paper speculates on the role of AI in overcoming some of these challenges, such as data-driven process optimization and AI-assisted discovery of novel materials. Computational methods are expected to play a critical role in advancing the understanding of 2D materials, enabling accurate predictions of electronic, magnetic, and optical properties.

Implications and Prospects

The roadmap makes clear that interdisciplinary collaboration and strategic efforts are required to unlock the full potential of 2D materials. With focused research initiatives and standardization, we can anticipate significant leaps in commercial applications. The roadmap concludes by underscoring the importance of continued innovation, adaptation, and cooperation among researchers, industry, and policymakers to navigate the complex landscape of 2D materials technology.

In summary, "The 2025 2D Materials Roadmap" serves as a pivotal reference for the future trajectory of 2D materials, offering invaluable insights into their synthesis, properties, and applications, while charting a path forward addressing current challenges and harnessing new opportunities. The road ahead promises transformative impacts on both industry and academia as we move closer to realizing the full potential of 2D materials.