Mechanism of superconductivity in twisted moiré systems

Determine the respective roles of electron–phonon coupling and electron–electron interactions in Cooper pair formation in twisted graphene and transition‑metal dichalcogenide moiré systems, and ascertain whether a common microscopic mechanism underlies superconductivity across these platforms.

Background

Moiré materials formed by stacking and twisting 2D layers can host flat bands and strong correlations, leading to unconventional superconductivity alongside correlated insulators and other emergent phases. Despite extensive experiments on magic‑angle graphene and related systems, the pairing glue and universality of the superconducting mechanism remain unresolved.

Clarifying whether phonons, electron correlations, or intertwined effects dominate, and whether a single mechanism applies across twisted graphene multilayers and twisted TMD bilayers, is pivotal for predictive control and engineering of superconductivity in moiré platforms.

References

However, key open questions remain, including the roles of electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions in Cooper pair formation, and whether common mechanisms underlie superconductivity across various twisted graphene and TMD moire systems.

— The 2D Materials Roadmap  (2503.22476 - Ren et al., 28 Mar 2025) in Section 9, Electronics of twisted 2D materials

Among these phenomena, the microscopic origin of superconductivity in magic-angle TBG~(MATBG) remains unsettled.

— Plasmons in twisted bilayer graphene across dispersive and flat bands  (2609.20158 - Palamara et al., 17 Sep 2026) in Section 1, Introduction

Incorporating the resulting frequency-dependent screened interaction into superconducting density-functional theory could determine whether the collective modes identified here enhance or suppress pairing and clarify their interplay with phonon-mediated interactions.

— Plasmons in twisted bilayer graphene across dispersive and flat bands  (2609.20158 - Palamara et al., 17 Sep 2026) in Section 5, Discussion