WSI-scale spatial and structural consistency in virtual staining

Establish image-to-image translation methods for virtual immunohistochemistry that maintain spatial and structural consistency across whole-slide images, ensuring accurate staining without tiling artifacts or boundary inconsistencies at large scale.

Background

The paper shows that most prior evaluations of virtual staining are patch-based, and that assembling whole-slide images from tiles introduces visible boundary artifacts and smoothing that degrade staining accuracy.

Preliminary attempts to enforce tile consistency have provided only partial solutions, and the authors observe significant performance drops in WSI reconstructions compared to patch-level results, motivating the need for methods that preserve spatial and structural coherence across entire slides.