Viability of varying e, 0, 1, or uniformly shifting all numbers to resolve the Hubble tension

Investigate whether cosmological models that vary the mathematical constants e, 0, and 1, or uniformly shift all numerical quantities by a small parameter ε, can provide viable solutions to the Hubble constant tension according to observational constraints.

Background

The paper proposes π variation as a mechanism to ease the H0 tension and, in the Outlook, suggests extending this approach to other constants and even to a uniform numerical shift. This broadens the scope of fundamental-constant variations beyond π.

The explicit unresolved question is whether these unconventional modifications—varying e, 0, 1, or shifting all numbers by ε—could indeed work within cosmological data, motivating further investigation.