Nature of dark energy: cosmological constant versus dynamical origin

Determine whether dark energy is a constant vacuum energy (cosmological constant) or a dynamical component that varies in time and/or space.

Background

In discussing assumptions relevant to Conformal Cyclic Cosmology and the broader concordance model, the text highlights the unresolved status of dark energy’s nature. Establishing whether it is strictly a cosmological constant or a dynamical field remains an open observational and theoretical challenge.

References

However, one of the biggest conundrums of science is the question of whether dark energy is actually non-dynamical like the cosmological constant or whether it is perhaps a time (and space) varying quantity. Currently, we do not know the answer to this question.

— Did the Big Bang and cosmic inflation really happen? (A tale of alternative cosmological models) (2404.18503 - Postolak, 29 Apr 2024) in Conformal Cyclic Cosmology — Problematic assumptions (?) subsection