Why Fine‑Tuned Parameters Take Their Observed Values

Determine why specific fine‑tuned fundamental parameters of physics, such as the proton‑to‑electron mass ratio, obtain their observed values in nature rather than alternative values not fixed by known physical theory.

Background

The paper notes that several parameters central to cosmic fine‑tuning (e.g., particle mass ratios, force strengths) are not determined by any known physical theory and are known only empirically. This raises the core fine‑tuning question: why these particular life‑permitting values obtain rather than others.

This uncertainty underlies debates about probabilistic arguments for design, naturalistic explanations (e.g., inflation or multiverse), and the broader metaphysical significance of fine‑tuning.