Resolve discrepancies between SOLAR-PROP 2.0 and closed-source solar-modulation models

Resolve whether the important discrepancies between SOLAR-PROP 2.0 calculations and the results of the two closed-source solar-modulation models are caused by errors in the reference implementations, errors in SOLAR-PROP 2.0, or other differences in the model implementations.

Background

The validation study reproduces several published solar-modulation results but finds substantial disagreements with two closed-source models, including the model based on the modified heliospheric magnetic field. The available publications do not provide enough implementation detail to determine the source of the discrepancies. Consequently, the paper leaves unresolved whether the problem lies in the reference codes, in SOLAR-PROP 2.0, or in differences that cannot be identified without comparing the underlying source code.

References

However, there are also important discrepancies with two different closed-source models which could not be resolved based on the information found in the respective publications alone.

— Solarprop 2.0: Modern charge-sign dependent solar modulation for everyone  (2610.01360 - Gast, 1 Oct 2026) in Section 6, Summary and outlook