Solar chemical composition

Abstract: The Sun is one of the fundamental benchmarks in astronomy, and there is ever growing interest in precise and accurate determinations of its chemical composition. We present the current state-of-the-art in spectroscopic determinations of the solar elemental abundances, that now routinely employ three-dimensional (3D) radiative-hydrodynamic simulations of the solar photosphere and post-processing in non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE). We critically review the recent literature and present recommended present-day and protosolar abundances of the 83 long-lived elements, and discuss their implications vis-à-vis primitive meteorites, helioseismology, neutrino fluxes, and the Solar Modelling Problem.