Realism and applicability of stellar space-weather models

Develop and validate stellar space-weather models of winds, CMEs, and SEPs that address unresolved issues surrounding magnetic boundary conditions (e.g., incomplete Zeeman–Doppler Imaging maps), base thermodynamic parameters, coronal heating and wind acceleration mechanisms, and sparse observational constraints, and quantify the resulting uncertainties across stellar regimes.

Background

Extensions of solar wind/CME/SEP models to other stars rely on boundary conditions and assumptions that are poorly constrained (e.g., magnetic topology from ZDI, base density/temperature, heating prescriptions).

Improving model fidelity requires coordinated advances in observations (magnetism, winds, coronal diagnostics) and model formulation to capture stellar diversity and to support robust planetary impact assessments.