Clarifying the relation between integrable models, CFTs, and dual-unitary circuits

Characterize the precise relationships among integrable models, (1+1)-dimensional conformal field theories, and dual-unitary circuits in out-of-equilibrium quantum dynamics, establishing how these frameworks connect or differ and under what conditions features such as dual unitarity and conformal invariance emerge or coincide.

Background

The authors discuss three key frameworks for understanding out-of-equilibrium dynamics: integrable models, conformal field theories, and Floquet systems such as random and dual-unitary circuits. They note intriguing hints of connections—for example, dual-unitary gates constructing toy holographic models with emergent discrete Lorentz and conformal invariance—but emphasize that a comprehensive understanding of the relations among these classes remains incomplete.

Their results show emerging dual-unitarity at late times in CFT-driven quenches, further motivating a systematic clarification of the links among these approaches.