Objective validation of surgical-performance improvement

Determine whether the proposed depth-aware occlusion-guidance system improves objective surgical performance during standardized laparoscopic skill exercises compared with conventional laparoscopic visualization.

Background

The survey reported perceived clinical relevance and usability of the depth-aware occlusion alerts but did not measure whether the system improves operative performance. The authors therefore leave unresolved whether integrating the framework into a real-time augmented-reality overlay produces measurable benefits during standardized tasks. Proposed evaluation criteria include task completion time, error rate, economy of motion, instrument path length, occlusion-related events, workload, and usability.