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Conjectured Laplace-transform approach for principled conditioning on partial observations

Investigate whether extending the Laplace transform of the Koopman operator—previously used for kernel-based forecasting of deterministic dynamics—to the conditional mean embedding operators within hidden Markov models enables principled conditioning of maximum mean discrepancy flows on partial sequence observations.

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Background

A central limitation identified by the authors is conditioning the generative process on partial observations in a principled manner. They discuss kernel Bayesian inference as one path and propose, as an alternative, leveraging an operator Laplace transform that has been used in Koopman-based forecasting for deterministic systems.

Because conditional mean embedding operators and Koopman operators are closely related, extending the Laplace-transform technique to the HMM-based spectral mean flows could provide a principled route to conditional generation—if the conjecture is borne out.

References

Given the proximity between the two operators, we conjecture its extension to our setup may enable principled conditioning.

Sequence Modeling with Spectral Mean Flows (2510.15366 - Kim et al., 17 Oct 2025) in Appendix: Limitations and Future Work