Integrate Common Cause Failures on Demand into Dynamic Models

Investigate how to integrate on-demand common cause failures—failures occurring upon demand signals—into dynamic probabilistic risk assessment models, specifying their representation within shock-based CCF frameworks such as the Atwood model.

Background

Current dynamic PRA implementations in the paper focus on time-distributed failures and shocks affecting running components. The authors note that integrating CCF events that occur on demand remains uncertain, which is critical for scenarios where components are challenged at specific times.

Resolving this question would extend the dynamic CCF modeling framework to demand-driven contexts consistent with PRA practice, aligning shock occurrence and conditional failure behavior with demand events.