Identify CFT operators and states corresponding to bulk heavy particles in wormhole solutions

Determine the precise conformal field theory operator(s) and quantum state(s) that correspond to a bulk heavy particle in the Euclidean AdS wormhole solutions with two asymptotically AdS boundaries, by specifying which boundary operator insertions and state preparations produce the particle worldlines that support the connected wormhole geometry.

Background

The paper constructs Euclidean AdS wormholes supported by heavy particles, whose endpoints intersect the two disconnected conformal boundaries. In AdS/CFT, such bulk particles are typically associated with operator insertions in the dual CFT(s), but specifying the exact operator and the microscopic state that realizes the bulk configuration is nontrivial.

To address factorization issues and coarse-graining, the authors consider ensemble-averaged CFT correlators associated with many operator insertions. However, they explicitly note uncertainty about the precise CFT operators and states that realize a given heavy particle configuration, motivating the need to identify the exact microscopic CFT data underlying the bulk heavy particle worldlines.