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Validity of the Güdel-Benz relation for radio counterparts of stellar superflares

Determine whether the Güdel-Benz relation between radio and soft X-ray luminosities holds for radio emission associated with optical superflares on solar-type stars; characterize any breakdown of this relation for highly energetic events indicative of a transition in emission mechanism, and assess the implications for particle acceleration and the surrounding stellar environment.

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Background

The Güdel-Benz relation empirically links quiescent radio and X-ray luminosities across active stars and has been shown to extend to flare-related emission in some regimes. However, prior to this work, no radio counterparts to the stellar superflare phenomenon on solar-type stars had been observed, making it uncertain whether this correlation applies to these extreme events.

Establishing if the relation persists, or breaks for the most energetic superflares (potentially signaling a change to coherent emission mechanisms), is essential to understanding how particle acceleration scales with flare energy and how such processes impact stellar environments and habitability contexts.

References

Because of this, it remains unclear whether the Güdel-Benz relationship holds for these events, if there's a divorce from the relationship that could be indicative of a transition in emission process for highly energetic events, and what this might mean for the type of particle acceleration occurring and its impact on the surrounding stellar environment.

— Detection of Radio Emission from Super-flaring Solar-Type Stars in the VLA Sky Survey (2408.14612 - Davis et al., 26 Aug 2024) in Section 1 (Introduction)