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Feasibility of high-entropy, proton-rich neutrino-driven winds in supernovae

Ascertain whether core-collapse supernovae can realize neutrino-driven wind conditions with entropy approximately 120 kB per nucleon and electron fraction Ye ≈ 0.54 that are sufficient to synthesize first-peak neutron-capture elements up to palladium without overproducing barium, as suggested by trajectories that match the heavy-element pattern in J0931+0038.

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Background

To explain the enhanced Sr–Pd and low Ba in J0931+0038, the authors consider heavy-element production via weak r-process and neutrino-driven wind scenarios. They report that a specific high-entropy, proton-rich wind trajectory can match elements out to Pd.

However, whether such extreme wind conditions occur in actual supernovae remains unresolved, making the physical feasibility of this mechanism an open question.

References

We also find that a high entropy (120 k_B/nucleon) and proton-rich (Y_e = 0.54) neutrino-driven wind trajectory is able to match the light elements out to Pd, although it is not clear if such conditions can be achieved in actual supernovae.

— Spectacular nucleosynthesis from early massive stars (2401.02484 - Ji et al., 4 Jan 2024) in Appendix, Section “Full fits from Z=6–56 including neutron capture elements” (app:nucncap)