Determine whether multi-messenger signals from a quiet Galactic supernova can constrain the nuclear equation of state

Determine whether multi-messenger observations combining gravitational waves and neutrinos from an electromagnetically quiet Galactic core-collapse supernova can constrain the nuclear equation of state by exploiting distinct, long-duration features imprinted by sustained standing accretion shock instability (SASI) activity in the signals.

Background

The study finds that non-exploding models exhibit sustained SASI activity due to small shock radii and short advection time scales. This prolonged SASI activity is expected to imprint characteristic features in both the gravitational-wave and neutrino signals, potentially enabling detection with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio.

Because the nuclear equation of state significantly influences shock radii, proto-neutron star contraction, and neutrino emission properties, the SASI-driven signal features may, in principle, carry information about the equation of state. The authors explicitly highlight that it remains unresolved whether such multi-messenger observations of an electromagnetically quiet Galactic supernova could, in practice, constrain the nuclear equation of state.