Determine the prevalence of extreme-voltage automation in the Nordic transmission system

Determine whether extreme-voltage automation systems are installed in the Nordic transmission systems outside Sweden, and, if they are not, assess whether such systems should be added to system integrity protection schemes to improve N-1 voltage security.

Background

The paper models extreme-voltage automation (EXA) as an important source of post-contingency static reactive power. Swedish transmission-grid shunt capacitors and reactors are equipped with EXA, but the authors lack information about whether equivalent systems are deployed elsewhere in the Nordic synchronous system.

Because EXA substantially reduces the number of voltage-insecure contingencies in the modeled future system, determining its actual availability in the other Nordic countries is relevant for assessing system-wide N-1 voltage security and identifying possible protection-system investments.