Review on Electric Railway System Optimization: Train Dynamic Scheduling, Energy Management, and Storage Integration

Abstract: The modernization of railway systems is being driven by the need for greater efficiency, sustainability, and intelligent operation. In this review, recent advancements in dynamic scheduling, energy management, and energy storage systems (ESSs) integration within electric railway networks are analyzed. Optimization strategies for train scheduling and operation control are reviewed, with a focus on methods that reduce energy consumption and improve overall system performance. The role of energy storage technologies is analyzed in terms of energy management, peak shaving, and voltage and frequency control for practical application. The integration of artificial intelligence and advanced control strategies is also reviewed in electrified railway systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current research trends and outlines future directions for the development of resilient, energy efficient, and intelligent railway systems with ESSs integration.