Confirm solar internal gravity modes

Confirm the existence of solar internal gravity modes through an observation that withstands subsequent critiques and independent analyses.

Background

Solar gravity modes are predicted to be trapped in the radiative interior and core, where they could provide information unavailable from surface observations and help resolve degeneracies in the solar interior. Although a claimed signature was reported, the paper states that the result remains unconfirmed.

References

The messenger born to read this region, the internal gravity mode, has its amplitude concentrated in the radiative interior and core but is evanescent in the convectively unstable envelope and thus extraordinarily faint; a claimed signature remains unconfirmed after nearly two decades, alongside later claims and their critiques [35].

— After 60 years, here comes the Sun  (2609.18799 - Cabrera et al., 16 Sep 2026) in Section “The multi-messenger ecosystem — the astrophysical state of the art”