Achieving Heisenberg limit of metrology via measurement on ancillary qubit (2505.06081v1)

Abstract: We propose a measurement-based quantum metrology protocol by coupling the probe (a spin ensemble) to an ancillary qubit. The key element is to use the optimized joint evolution time and the unconditional measurement on the ancillary qubit to bring the probe system from an eigenstate of a collective angular momentum operator $|j,m\rangle$ to a superposed state $(|j,m\rangle+|j,-m\rangle)/\sqrt2$. With synchronous parametric encoding and unconditional measurement, the quantum Fisher information about the phase encoded in the probe system can exactly attains the Heisenberg scaling $N^2$ with respect to the probe size (spin number) $N$ upon optimized initial states. The quadratic scaling behavior is not sensitive to the imprecise control over the joint evolution time and the time delay between encoding and measurement. The classical Fisher information of the spin ensemble is found to saturate with its quantum counterpart, irrespective of the idle evolution time after the parametric encoding. We suggest that both GHZ-like state and nonlinear Hamiltonian are not necessary resources for metrology precision since in our protocol even thermal states hold an asymptotic quadratic scaling.