Roadmap on Quantum Thermodynamics (2504.20145v1)

Abstract: The last two decades has seen quantum thermodynamics become a well established field of research in its own right. In that time, it has demonstrated a remarkably broad applicability, ranging from providing foundational advances in the understanding of how thermodynamic principles apply at the nano-scale and in the presence of quantum coherence, to providing a guiding framework for the development of efficient quantum devices. Exquisite levels of control have allowed state-of-the-art experimental platforms to explore energetics and thermodynamics at the smallest scales which has in turn helped to drive theoretical advances. This Roadmap provides an overview of the recent developments across many of the field's sub-disciplines, assessing the key challenges and future prospects, providing a guide for its near term progress.

Roadmap on Quantum Thermodynamics: An Academic Overview

The paper "Roadmap on Quantum Thermodynamics" meticulously outlines the significant progress made in the field of quantum thermodynamics over the last twenty years. It systematically addresses the applicability of thermodynamic principles to quantum systems and identifies the challenges and prospects in this rapidly evolving domain.

Foundational Advances and Practical Applications

The manuscript starts by tracing the origins of quantum thermodynamics from classical thermodynamics, emphasizing the transformative potential of examining thermodynamic laws at the nanoscale. Notably, the paper credits Scovil and Schultz-DuBois for pioneering the concept of a microscopic heat engine in their study of a three-level maser. Recent decades have witnessed an explosion in interest propelled by technological advancements and miniaturization, leading to the development of quantum devices reliant on out-of-equilibrium quantum systems. The core thermodynamic concepts have been reassessed under a quantum lens, establishing a robust framework that informs new technologies.

Theoretical and Experimental Challenges

Quantum thermodynamics is not without its challenges. Alicki and Kosloff underscore the insights gained when quantum theory and thermodynamics address similar problems. However, foundational issues remain, such as the applicability of classical heat engine laws at the quantum level and the reconciliation of thermodynamic concepts with quantum mechanics. The paper categorizes these challenges and lays out a roadmap for addressing them, covering topics like thermodynamics of many-body systems, the study of non-Markovian dynamics, and thermalization.

The paper highlights the key role played by experiments in superconductors, quantum gases, quantum dots, NMR, trapped ions, NV centers, and optomechanics. These experimental platforms have advanced the exploration of quantum thermodynamic properties, often transitioning from proof-of-principle to applications in emerging quantum technology.

Impacts Across Fields

Quantum thermodynamics is notable for its interdisciplinary implications. The paper notably focuses on the synergy with information theory, framed within Landauer's principle, emphasizing how quantum thermodynamics offers unique insights into quantum mechanics' interpretational challenges.

Furthermore, the text explores information flow, non-equilibrium dynamics, and the description of quantum-to-classical transitions, illustrating quantum thermodynamics' broader relevance. The possibility emerges that quantum thermodynamics will influence the assessment and optimization of quantum devices, powering next-generation technologies.

Conclusion and Key Contributions

The paper is designed to be accessible while providing a structured entry point into the field. Each section follows a coherent format, capturing essential insights for readers interested in further exploration of the domain. This roadmap compendium stands as a catalyst for ongoing research, promoting collaboration across quantum thermodynamics and adjacent fields.

In summary, "Roadmap on Quantum Thermodynamics" offers a comprehensive academic overview of the field, signposting the potent blend of foundational theory, empirical inquiry, and technological application. As quantum thermodynamics continues to evolve, it promises to unlock new opportunities and deepen our understanding of thermal processes at the quantum frontier.