Data Augmentation through Background Removal for Apple Leaf Disease Classification Using the MobileNetV2 Model

Abstract: The advances in computer vision made possible by deep learning technology are increasingly being used in precision agriculture to automate the detection and classification of plant diseases. Symptoms of plant diseases are often seen on their leaves. The leaf images in existing datasets have been collected either under controlled conditions or in the field. The majority of previous studies have focused on identifying leaf diseases using images captured in controlled laboratory settings, often achieving high performance. However, methods aimed at detecting and classifying leaf diseases in field images have generally exhibited lower performance. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of a data augmentation approach that involves removing complex backgrounds from leaf images on the classification performance of apple leaf diseases in images captured under real world conditions. To achieve this objective, the lightweight pre-trained MobileNetV2 deep learning model was fine-tuned and subsequently used to evaluate the impact of expanding the training dataset with background-removed images on classification performance. Experimental results show that this augmentation strategy enhances classification accuracy. Specifically, using the Adam optimizer, the proposed method achieved a classification accuracy of 98.71% on the Plant Pathology database, representing an approximately 3% improvement and outperforming state-of-the-art methods. This demonstrates the effectiveness of background removal as a data augmentation technique for improving the robustness of disease classification models in real-world conditions.