Crow instability of vortex lines in dipolar superfluids (2407.04177v2)

Abstract: In classical inviscid fluids, parallel vortices perturbed by Kelvin waves may exhibit the Crow instability, where the mutual interaction of the Kelvin modes renders them dynamically unstable. This results in the mutual approach and reconnection of the vortices, leading to a cascaded decay into smaller and smaller vortex loops. We study the Crow instability of quantum vortex lines in a superfluid enjoying the anisotropic, long-ranged dipole-dipole interaction through mean-field simulations of the dynamics of the superfluid order parameter. We observe that both the strength and direction of the dipole-dipole interaction play a crucial role in determining the Kelvin modes that are dynamically favoured. This is shown to be linked to effective enhancements or suppressions of the vortices' curvature and can be explained by the effective dipole-dipole interaction between the vortex lines themselves. This paves the way to a deeper understanding of vortex reconnection dynamics, vortex loop cascading and turbulence in dipolar superfluids.