Copyright related risks in the creation and use of ML/AI systems

Abstract: This paper summarizes the current copyright related risks that Machine Learning (ML) and AI systems (including LLMs --LLMs) incur. These risks affect different stakeholders: owners of the copyright of the training data, the users of ML/AI systems, the creators of trained models, and the operators of AI systems. This paper also provides an overview of ongoing legal cases in the United States related to these risks.