Chiral spin symmetry and hot QCD (2402.05852v2)

Abstract: In this talk we overview main results indicating existence in QCD of three qualitatively different regimes connected by smooth crossovers upon heating: a hadron gas, a stringy fluid and a quark-gluon plasma. In the combined large N_c and chiral limit these regimes likely become distinct phases separated by phase transitions: a chiral restoration phase transition around T_{ch} ~ 130 MeV and a deconfinement phase transition around T_d ~ 300 MeV. It should be an important task to verify this issue on the lattice. We will introduce a chiral spin symmetry, which is a symmetry of the electric part of electrodynamics and of QCD with light quarks. It is realized approximately in QCD above the chiral restoration crossover and disappears in the QGP regime. The center symmetry of the pure glue action and the chiral spin symmetry of the electric part of the QCD Lagrangian with light quarks are complementary to distinguish the confining regime and its disappearance. We also address other lattice evidences for stringy fluid: hadron resonances extracted from the lattice correlators; breakdown of the thermal perturbation theory at T < ~ 600 MeV and fluctuations of conserved charges that point out the N_c scaling above T ~ 155 MeV.