The exceptional set for Diophantine approximation with mixed powers of prime variables

Abstract: Let lambda_1, \lambda_2, \lambda_3, \lambda_4 be non-zero real numbers, not all negative, with \lambda_1/\lambda_2 irrational and algebraic. Suppose that \mathcal{V} is a well-spaced sequence and \delta >0. In this paper, it is proved that for any \varepsilon >0, the number of v \in \mathcal{V} with v \leqslant N for which |\lambda_1 p_1^2 + \lambda_2 p_2^3+ \lambda_3 p_3^4+ \lambda_4 p_4^5 - v| < v^{-\delta} has no solution in prime variables p_1,p_2,p_3,p_4 does not exceed O\big(N^{\frac{359}{378} + 2\delta +\varepsilon}\big). This result constitutes an improvement upon that of Q. W. Mu and Z. P. Gao [12].