A universal scheme to self-test any quantum state and extremal measurement
Abstract: The emergence of quantum devices has raised a significant issue: how to certify the quantum properties of a device without placing trust in it. To characterise quantum states and measurements in a device-independent way, up to some degree of freedom, we can make use of a technique known as self-testing. While schemes have been proposed to self-test all pure multipartite entangled states (up to complex conjugation) and real local rank-one projective measurements, little has been done to certify mixed entangled states, composite or non-projective measurements. By employing the framework of quantum networks, we propose a scheme for self-testing (up to complex conjugation) arbitrary extremal measurements, including the projective ones, but also in an indirect way any quantum states, including the mixed ones. The quantum network considered in this work is the simple star network, which is implementable using current technologies. For our purposes, we also construct a scheme that can be used to self-test the two-dimensional tomographically complete set of measurements with an arbitrary number of parties.
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