2000 character limit reached
Stress-induced Artificial neuron spiking in Diffusive memristors (2306.12853v2)
Published 22 Jun 2023 in physics.app-ph, cs.ET, and physics.ins-det
Abstract: Diffusive memristors owing to their ability to produce current spiking when a constant or slowly changing voltage is applied are competitive candidates for the development of artificial electronic neurons. These artificial neurons can be integrated into various prospective autonomous and robotic systems as sensors, e.g. ones implementing object grasping and classification. We report here Ag nanoparticle-based diffusive memristor prepared on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate in which the electric spiking behaviour was induced by the electric voltage under an additional stimulus of external mechanical impact. By changing the magnitude and frequency of the mechanical impact, we are able to manipulate the spiking response of our artificial neuron. This functionality to control the spiking characterstics paves a pathway for the development of touch-perception sensors that can convert local pressure into electrical spikes for further processing in neural networks. We have proposed a mathematical model which captures the operation principle of the fabricated memristive sensors and qualitatively describes the measured spiking behaviour.
- Zidan, M.A., Strachan, J.P., Lu, W.D.: The future of electronics based on memristive systems. Nature electronics 1(1), 22–29 (2018) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, Z., Wu, H., Burr, G.W., Hwang, C.S., Wang, K.L., Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Resistive switching materials for information processing. Nature Reviews Materials 5(3), 173–195 (2020) Sangwan and Hersam [2020] Sangwan, V.K., Hersam, M.C.: Neuromorphic nanoelectronic materials. Nature nanotechnology 15(7), 517–528 (2020) Roy et al. [2019] Roy, K., Jaiswal, A., Panda, P.: Towards spike-based machine intelligence with neuromorphic computing. Nature 575(7784), 607–617 (2019) Zhang et al. [2020] Zhang, W., Gao, B., Tang, J., Yao, P., Yu, S., Chang, M.-F., Yoo, H.-J., Qian, H., Wu, H.: Neuro-inspired computing chips. Nature electronics 3(7), 371–382 (2020) Wang et al. [2017] Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, Z., Wu, H., Burr, G.W., Hwang, C.S., Wang, K.L., Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Resistive switching materials for information processing. Nature Reviews Materials 5(3), 173–195 (2020) Sangwan and Hersam [2020] Sangwan, V.K., Hersam, M.C.: Neuromorphic nanoelectronic materials. Nature nanotechnology 15(7), 517–528 (2020) Roy et al. [2019] Roy, K., Jaiswal, A., Panda, P.: Towards spike-based machine intelligence with neuromorphic computing. Nature 575(7784), 607–617 (2019) Zhang et al. [2020] Zhang, W., Gao, B., Tang, J., Yao, P., Yu, S., Chang, M.-F., Yoo, H.-J., Qian, H., Wu, H.: Neuro-inspired computing chips. Nature electronics 3(7), 371–382 (2020) Wang et al. [2017] Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sangwan, V.K., Hersam, M.C.: Neuromorphic nanoelectronic materials. Nature nanotechnology 15(7), 517–528 (2020) Roy et al. [2019] Roy, K., Jaiswal, A., Panda, P.: Towards spike-based machine intelligence with neuromorphic computing. Nature 575(7784), 607–617 (2019) Zhang et al. [2020] Zhang, W., Gao, B., Tang, J., Yao, P., Yu, S., Chang, M.-F., Yoo, H.-J., Qian, H., Wu, H.: Neuro-inspired computing chips. Nature electronics 3(7), 371–382 (2020) Wang et al. [2017] Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Roy, K., Jaiswal, A., Panda, P.: Towards spike-based machine intelligence with neuromorphic computing. Nature 575(7784), 607–617 (2019) Zhang et al. [2020] Zhang, W., Gao, B., Tang, J., Yao, P., Yu, S., Chang, M.-F., Yoo, H.-J., Qian, H., Wu, H.: Neuro-inspired computing chips. Nature electronics 3(7), 371–382 (2020) Wang et al. [2017] Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Zhang, W., Gao, B., Tang, J., Yao, P., Yu, S., Chang, M.-F., Yoo, H.-J., Qian, H., Wu, H.: Neuro-inspired computing chips. Nature electronics 3(7), 371–382 (2020) Wang et al. [2017] Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Wang, Z., Wu, H., Burr, G.W., Hwang, C.S., Wang, K.L., Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Resistive switching materials for information processing. Nature Reviews Materials 5(3), 173–195 (2020) Sangwan and Hersam [2020] Sangwan, V.K., Hersam, M.C.: Neuromorphic nanoelectronic materials. Nature nanotechnology 15(7), 517–528 (2020) Roy et al. [2019] Roy, K., Jaiswal, A., Panda, P.: Towards spike-based machine intelligence with neuromorphic computing. Nature 575(7784), 607–617 (2019) Zhang et al. [2020] Zhang, W., Gao, B., Tang, J., Yao, P., Yu, S., Chang, M.-F., Yoo, H.-J., Qian, H., Wu, H.: Neuro-inspired computing chips. Nature electronics 3(7), 371–382 (2020) Wang et al. [2017] Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sangwan, V.K., Hersam, M.C.: Neuromorphic nanoelectronic materials. Nature nanotechnology 15(7), 517–528 (2020) Roy et al. [2019] Roy, K., Jaiswal, A., Panda, P.: Towards spike-based machine intelligence with neuromorphic computing. Nature 575(7784), 607–617 (2019) Zhang et al. [2020] Zhang, W., Gao, B., Tang, J., Yao, P., Yu, S., Chang, M.-F., Yoo, H.-J., Qian, H., Wu, H.: Neuro-inspired computing chips. Nature electronics 3(7), 371–382 (2020) Wang et al. [2017] Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Roy, K., Jaiswal, A., Panda, P.: Towards spike-based machine intelligence with neuromorphic computing. Nature 575(7784), 607–617 (2019) Zhang et al. [2020] Zhang, W., Gao, B., Tang, J., Yao, P., Yu, S., Chang, M.-F., Yoo, H.-J., Qian, H., Wu, H.: Neuro-inspired computing chips. Nature electronics 3(7), 371–382 (2020) Wang et al. [2017] Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Zhang, W., Gao, B., Tang, J., Yao, P., Yu, S., Chang, M.-F., Yoo, H.-J., Qian, H., Wu, H.: Neuro-inspired computing chips. Nature electronics 3(7), 371–382 (2020) Wang et al. [2017] Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Sangwan, V.K., Hersam, M.C.: Neuromorphic nanoelectronic materials. Nature nanotechnology 15(7), 517–528 (2020) Roy et al. [2019] Roy, K., Jaiswal, A., Panda, P.: Towards spike-based machine intelligence with neuromorphic computing. Nature 575(7784), 607–617 (2019) Zhang et al. [2020] Zhang, W., Gao, B., Tang, J., Yao, P., Yu, S., Chang, M.-F., Yoo, H.-J., Qian, H., Wu, H.: Neuro-inspired computing chips. Nature electronics 3(7), 371–382 (2020) Wang et al. [2017] Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Roy, K., Jaiswal, A., Panda, P.: Towards spike-based machine intelligence with neuromorphic computing. Nature 575(7784), 607–617 (2019) Zhang et al. [2020] Zhang, W., Gao, B., Tang, J., Yao, P., Yu, S., Chang, M.-F., Yoo, H.-J., Qian, H., Wu, H.: Neuro-inspired computing chips. Nature electronics 3(7), 371–382 (2020) Wang et al. [2017] Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Zhang, W., Gao, B., Tang, J., Yao, P., Yu, S., Chang, M.-F., Yoo, H.-J., Qian, H., Wu, H.: Neuro-inspired computing chips. Nature electronics 3(7), 371–382 (2020) Wang et al. [2017] Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Roy, K., Jaiswal, A., Panda, P.: Towards spike-based machine intelligence with neuromorphic computing. Nature 575(7784), 607–617 (2019) Zhang et al. [2020] Zhang, W., Gao, B., Tang, J., Yao, P., Yu, S., Chang, M.-F., Yoo, H.-J., Qian, H., Wu, H.: Neuro-inspired computing chips. Nature electronics 3(7), 371–382 (2020) Wang et al. [2017] Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Zhang, W., Gao, B., Tang, J., Yao, P., Yu, S., Chang, M.-F., Yoo, H.-J., Qian, H., Wu, H.: Neuro-inspired computing chips. Nature electronics 3(7), 371–382 (2020) Wang et al. [2017] Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Zhang, W., Gao, B., Tang, J., Yao, P., Yu, S., Chang, M.-F., Yoo, H.-J., Qian, H., Wu, H.: Neuro-inspired computing chips. Nature electronics 3(7), 371–382 (2020) Wang et al. [2017] Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Wang, Z., Joshi, S., Savel’ev, S.E., Jiang, H., Midya, R., Lin, P., Hu, M., Ge, N., Strachan, J.P., Li, Z., et al.: Memristors with diffusive dynamics as synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing. Nature materials 16(1), 101–108 (2017) Jiang et al. [2017] Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Jiang, H., Belkin, D., Savel’ev, S.E., Lin, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Joshi, S., Midya, R., Li, C., Rao, M., et al.: A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor. Nature communications 8(1), 882 (2017) Pattnaik et al. [2023] Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Pattnaik, D.P., Ushakov, Y., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P., Cropper, M.D., Wijayantha, U.W., Balanov, A.G., Savel′′{}^{\prime}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPTev, S.E.: Temperature control of diffusive memristor hysteresis and artificial neuron spiking. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024065 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024065 Ushakov et al. [2021] Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Ushakov, Y., Akther, A., Borisov, P., Pattnaik, D., Savel’ev, S., Balanov, A.G.: Deterministic mechanisms of spiking in diffusive memristors. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 149, 110997 (2021) Gabbitas et al. [2023] Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Gabbitas, A., Pattnaik, D., Zhou, Z., Borisov, P.: Resistive switching study on diffusive memristors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56(30), 305102 (2023) Yu et al. [2011] Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Yu, S., Wu, Y., Jeyasingh, R., Kuzum, D., Wong, H.-S.P.: An electronic synapse device based on metal oxide resistive switching memory for neuromorphic computation. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58(8), 2729–2737 (2011) Yu et al. [2019] Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Yu, J., Liang, L., Hu, L., Duan, H., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Zhuge, F., Chang, T., Cao, H.: Optoelectronic neuromorphic thin-film transistors capable of selective attention and with ultra-low power dissipation. Nano Energy 62, 772–780 (2019) Hu et al. [2021] Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Hu, H., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Lv, W., Yu, H., Lu, W., Dong, Y., Wen, Z.: Enhanced resistance switching in ultrathin ag/srtio3/(la, sr) mno3 memristors and their long-term plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Applied Physics Letters 119(2), 023502 (2021) Johnson et al. [2021] Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Johnson, B., Brahim, K., Balanov, A., Savel’ev, S., Borisov, P.: Transition from noise-induced to self-sustained current spiking generated by a nbox thin film threshold switch. Applied Physics Letters 118(2), 023502 (2021) Xia and Yang [2019] Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Nature materials 18(4), 309–323 (2019) Jeong et al. [2015] Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Lu, W.D.: Utilizing multiple state variables to improve the dynamic range of analog switching in a memristor. Applied Physics Letters 107(17), 173105 (2015) Kim et al. [2014a] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Kim, S., Choi, S., Lu, W.: Comprehensive physical model of dynamic resistive switching in an oxide memristor. ACS nano 8(3), 2369–2376 (2014) Kim et al. [2014b] Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, J., Lu, W.D.: Tuning resistive switching characteristics of tantalum oxide memristors through si doping. ACS nano 8(10), 10262–10269 (2014) Wang et al. [2020] Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Wang, T.-Y., Meng, J.-L., Rao, M.-Y., He, Z.-Y., Chen, L., Zhu, H., Sun, Q.-Q., Ding, S.-J., Bao, W.-Z., Zhou, P., et al.: Three-dimensional nanoscale flexible memristor networks with ultralow power for information transmission and processing application. Nano letters 20(6), 4111–4120 (2020) Gergel-Hackett et al. [2011] Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Gergel-Hackett, N., Tedesco, J.L., Richter, C.A.: Memristors with flexible electronic applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(6), 1971–1978 (2011) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Yan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, G., Chen, J.: Flexible memristors as electronic synapses for neuro-inspired computation based on scotch tape-exfoliated mica substrates. Nano Research 11, 1183–1192 (2018) Qi et al. [2022] Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Qi, S.-S., Yang, F., Li, J.-C.: Bending effect on the synaptic behavior of wo3-based flexible memristor under variable temperatures. Applied Physics Letters 120(22), 223501 (2022) Yan et al. [2018] Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Yan, X., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Lu, C., Ren, D.: Artificial electronic synapse characteristics of a ta/ta2o5-x/al2o3/ingazno4 memristor device on flexible stainless steel substrate. Applied Physics Letters 113(1), 013503 (2018) Park et al. [2020] Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Park, H.-L., Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-H.: Introduction of interfacial load polymeric layer to organic flexible memristor for regulating conductive filament growth. Advanced Electronic Materials 6(10), 2000582 (2020) Ding et al. [2023] Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Ding, Q., Jiao, W., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, S.: Study of a stretchable polymer for adjustable flexible organic memristor. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2023) Misra and Saha [2010] Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Misra, J., Saha, I.: Artificial neural networks in hardware: A survey of two decades of progress. Neurocomputing 74(1-3), 239–255 (2010) Li et al. [2020] Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Li, P., Anwar Ali, H.P., Cheng, W., Yang, J., Tee, B.C.: Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces. Advanced Materials Technologies 5(3), 1900856 (2020) Abderrahmane et al. [2020] Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Abderrahmane, N., Lemaire, E., Miramond, B.: Design space exploration of hardware spiking neurons for embedded artificial intelligence. Neural Networks 121, 366–386 (2020) Shawahna et al. [2018] Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Shawahna, A., Sait, S.M., El-Maleh, A.: Fpga-based accelerators of deep learning networks for learning and classification: A review. ieee Access 7, 7823–7859 (2018) Auge et al. [2021] Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Auge, D., Hille, J., Mueller, E., Knoll, A.: A survey of encoding techniques for signal processing in spiking neural networks. Neural Processing Letters 53(6), 4693–4710 (2021) Xu et al. [2018] Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Xu, Z., Wu, C., Li, F., Chen, W., Guo, T., Kim, T.W.: Triboelectric electronic-skin based on graphene quantum dots for application in self-powered, smart, artificial fingers. Nano Energy 49, 274–282 (2018) Stoppa and Chiolerio [2014] Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Stoppa, M., Chiolerio, A.: Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. sensors 14(7), 11957–11992 (2014) Shi et al. [2020] Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al.: Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Advanced materials 32(5), 1901958 (2020) Chen et al. [2020] Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Chen, B., Yang, H., Song, B., Meng, D., Yan, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, P., Ou, T.-H., Barnell, M., et al.: A memristor-based hybrid analog-digital computing platform for mobile robotics. Science Robotics 5(47), 6938 (2020) Wang et al. [2023] Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al.: Memristor-based intelligent human-like neural computing. Advanced Electronic Materials 9(1), 2200877 (2023) Boronin et al. [1998] Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Boronin, A., Koscheev, S., Zhidomirov, G.: Xps and ups study of oxygen states on silver. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena 96(1-3), 43–51 (1998) Bukhtiyarov et al. [2003] Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Bukhtiyarov, V.I., Hävecker, M., Kaichev, V.V., Knop-Gericke, A., Mayer, R.W., Schlögl, R.: Atomic oxygen species on silver: Photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies. Physical Review B 67(23), 235422 (2003) Shkel and Ferrier [2003] Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Shkel, Y.M., Ferrier, N.J.: Electrostriction enhancement of solid-state capacitance sensing. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics 8(3), 318–325 (2003) Sun et al. [2007] Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Sun, Y., Thompson, S., Nishida, T.: Physics of strain effects in semiconductors and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 101(10), 104503 (2007) Huang et al. [2010] Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Huang, J.-Q., Huang, Q.-A., Qin, M., Dong, W., Chen, X.: Strain effect of the dielectric constant in silicon dioxide. Journal of microelectromechanical systems 19(6), 1521–1523 (2010) Savel’ev et al. [2013] Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013) Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
- Savel’ev, S.E., Marchesoni, F., Bratkovsky, A.M.: Mesoscopic resistive switch: non-volatility, hysteresis and negative differential resistance. The European Physical Journal B 86, 1–6 (2013)
Paper Prompts
Sign up for free to create and run prompts on this paper using GPT-5.
Top Community Prompts
Collections
Sign up for free to add this paper to one or more collections.