Sensitivity Comparison of Two-photon vs Three-photon Rydberg Electrometry

Abstract: We investigate the sensitivity of three-photon EIT in Rydberg atoms to radio frequency detection and compare it against conventional two-photon systems. Specifically, we model the 4-level and 5-level atomic system and compare how the transmission of the probe changes with different powers of the lasers used and strengths of the RF field. In this model, we also define a sensitivity metric to best relate to the operation of the current best experimental implementation based on shot noise limited detection. We find that the three-photon system boasts much narrower line widths compared to the conventional two-photon EIT. However, these narrow line features do not align with the regions of the best sensitivity. In addition to this, we calculate the expected sensitivity for the two-photon Rydberg sensor and find that the best achievable sensitivity is over an order of magnitude better than the current measured values of 5 uV/m/Hz. However, by accounting for the additional noise sources in the experiment and the quantum efficiency of the photo-detectors, the values are in good agreement.