Construction and decomposition of knots as Murasugi sums of Seifert surfaces

Abstract: A fixed knot $K$ acts via Murasugi sum on the space $\mathcal{S}$ of isotopy classes of knots. This operation endows $\mathcal{S}$ with a directed graph structure denoted by $M\kern-1pt SG(K)$. We show that any given family of knots in $M\kern-1pt SG(K)$ has the structure of a bi-directed complete graph, which is not the case if we restrict the complexity of Murasugi sums. For that purpose, we show that any knot is a Murasugi sum of any two knots, and we give lower and upper bounds for the minimal complexity of Murasugi sum to obtain $K_3$ by $K_1$ and $K_2$. As an application, we show that given any three knots, there is a braid for one knot which splits along a string into braids for the other two knots.