On licenses for [Open] Hardware

Abstract: This document explains the basic concepts related to software and hardware licenses, and it summarizes the most popular licenses that are currently used for hardware projects. Two case studies of hardware projects at different levels of abstraction are also presented, together with a discussion of license applicability, commercial issues, code protection, and related concerns. This paper intends to help the reader understand how to release open hardware with the most appropriate license, and to answer questions that are of current interest. We have been mainly motivated by the growing influence of the open RISC-V ISA, but trying to address a wider hardware point of view.