Hodge theory of degenerations, (II): vanishing cohomology and geometric applications

Abstract: We study the weighted spectrum and vanishing cohomology for several classes of isolated hypersurface singularities, and how they contribute to the limiting mixed Hodge structure of a smoothing. Applications are given to several types of singularities arising in KSBA and GIT compactifications and mirror symmetry, including nodes on odd-dimensional hypersurfaces, $k$-log-canonical and $k$-rational singularities, and singularities with Calabi-Yau tail.