The HIPASS survey of the Galactic plane in Radio Recombination Lines (1411.4497v2)

Abstract: We present a Radio Recombination Line (RRL) survey of the Galactic Plane from the HI Parkes All-sky Survey and associated Zone of Avoidance survey, which mapped the region l=196degr -- 0degr --52degr and |b| < 5degr at 1.4 GHz and 14.4 arcmin resolution. We combine three RRLs, H168$\alpha$, H167$\alpha$, and H166$\alpha$ to derive fully sampled maps of the diffuse ionized emission along the inner Galactic plane. The velocity information, at a resolution of 20 km/s, allows us to study the spatial distribution of the ionized gas and compare it with that of the molecular gas, as traced by CO. The longitude-velocity diagram shows that the RRL emission is mostly associated with CO gas from the molecular ring and is concentrated within the inner 30degr of longitude. A map of the free-free emission in this region of the Galaxy is derived from the line-integrated RRL emission, assuming an electron temperature gradient with Galactocentric radius of $496\pm100$ K/kpc. Based on the thermal continuum map we extracted a catalogue of 317 compact (<15 arcmin) sources, with flux densities, sizes and velocities. We report the first RRL observations of the southern ionized lobe in the Galactic centre. The line profiles and velocities suggest that this degree-scale structure is in rotation. We also present new evidence of diffuse ionized gas in the 3-kpc arm. Helium and carbon RRLs are detected in this survey. The He line is mostly observed towards HII regions, whereas the C line is also detected further away from the source of ionization. These data represent the first observations of diffuse C RRLs in the Galactic plane at a frequency of 1.4 GHz.