Time-dependent heavy-quark potential at finite temperature from gauge-gravity duality

Abstract: The potential between a heavy quark and an anti-quark inside the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is studied on the basis of the gauge/gravity duality. A real-time complex potential V_{Q\bar{Q}}(t,r) is derived from the Wilson loop with the Euclidean five-dimensional anti-de-Sitter black hole metric. To make the analytic continuation from the imaginary time to the real time, specific variational configurations of the string world sheet in the Euclidean metric are introduced. Rapid approach of V_{Q\bar{Q}}(t,r) to its stationary value is found at the time scale t=1/\pi T independent of the 't Hooft coupling \lambda. Also, the imaginary part of V_{Q\bar{Q}}(\infty,r) is found to be significant above the length scale r=1.72/\pi T independent of \lambda. Implications of these results to the properties of heavy quarkonia in QGP are briefly discussed.