Complex Langevin dynamics: criteria for correctness

Abstract: The complex Langevin method is a leading candidate for solving the sign problem occurring in various physical situations, notably QCD at finite chemical potential. Its most vexing problem is `convergence to the wrong limit', where the simulation gives a well defined, but incorrect, result. Here, we first outline a formal justification of the method and identify points at which it might fail. From these we derive a condition that must be satisfied in order for correct results to be obtained. We then apply these ideas to the three-imensional SU(3) spin model at finite chemical potential and show strong indications that complex Langevin dynamics yields correct results in this theory.