External Mass Accumulation onto Core Potentials: Implications for Star Clusters, Galaxies and Galaxy Clusters

Abstract: Accretion studies have been focused on the flow around bodies with point mass gravitational potentials, but few general results are available for non-point mass distributions. Here, we study the accretion flow onto non-divergent, core potentials moving through a background medium. We use Plummer and Hernquist potentials as examples to study gas accretion onto star clusters, dwarf and large galaxy halos and galaxy clusters in a variety of astrophysical environments. The general conditions required for a core potential to collectively accrete large quantities of gas from the external medium are derived using both simulations and analytic results. The consequences of large mass accumulation in galaxy nuclei, dwarf galaxies and star clusters are twofold. First, if the gas cools effectively star formation can be triggered, generating new stellar members in the system. Second, if the collective potential of the system is able to alter the ambient gas properties before the gas is accreted onto the individual core members, the augmented mass supply rates could significantly alter the state of the various accreting stellar populations and result in an enhanced central black hole accretion luminosity.