Validate real-world generalization of dorsal-hand age assurance

Determine whether dorsal-hand age-assurance performance generalizes to populations with greater demographic diversity and to uncontrolled real-world image-capture conditions beyond the 436-participant dataset evaluated in the study.

Background

The study evaluates dorsal-hand age assurance using 436 participants captured with varied lighting and hand orientations intended to approximate consumer XR conditions. However, the authors identify the limited dataset size and demographic coverage as constraints on the generalizability of the reported results. They leave unresolved whether the observed performance will persist with broader demographic diversity and in genuinely uncontrolled deployment environments, where capture conditions may differ substantially from those represented in the dataset.

References

The dataset comprises 436 participants; performance under greater demographic diversity, and uncontrolled real-world capture remains untested.

— Dorsal Hand Images for Immersive (XR) and Privacy-preserving Age Assurance and Child Safety  (2608.21009 - Bovo et al., 21 Aug 2026) in Section 7, “Limitations and Future Work” (p. 7)