Unknown evolution equations for many biological systems

Establish explicit evolution equations that govern the temporal dynamics of many biological systems, for which these governing equations currently remain unknown.

Background

In contrasting the successes of physics with biological modeling, the author notes that physics often relies on fixed, well-defined laws and state spaces, whereas biological systems are highly context- and history-dependent. This complexity frequently prevents prior specification of governing equations.

Motivated by this gap, the paper suggests learning dynamics from data as one approach, but explicitly acknowledges that, for many biological systems, the evolution equations themselves remain unknown, underscoring a fundamental open problem.