Dominant driver of disk evolution: turbulence versus winds

Ascertain whether the secular evolution of protoplanetary disks is dominated primarily by turbulent angular momentum transport or by magnetized wind torques, and characterize the strength and nature of turbulence in primarily wind-driven disks.

Background

The paper surveys possible evolution drivers: infall, internal angular momentum redistribution (e.g., MRI or VSI turbulence), and mass/angular momentum loss in winds (photoevaporation or magnetized winds). Recent observations often favor weak turbulence and wind-driven accretion, but the prevailing mechanism and the turbulence properties in such disks remain critical for all subsequent formation stages.