Nature of turbulence and its energy-transfer mechanisms

Characterize the nature of turbulence and elucidate the energy-transfer mechanisms in industrially and scientifically relevant turbulent flows governed by the Navier–Stokes equations.

Background

The authors highlight long-standing challenges in understanding turbulence due to its multi-scale complexity and the computational intractability of direct numerical simulations for practical scenarios. They note that energy dissipation and transport mechanisms in turbulent flows are critical yet not fully understood, framing a broad unresolved question in the field that their SHAP-based methodology aims to inform, though it does not resolve the general problem.