Establish robustness under hardware noise and finite sampling

Establish the robustness of the Q-Edge orbit-space quantum framework under hardware noise and finite sampling, which remains unresolved beyond the exact statevector simulations reported in the paper.

Background

Q-Edge is evaluated primarily through exact statevector simulation, with an additional hardware execution used to demonstrate feasibility on small four-qubit instances. The paper does not establish how the framework behaves under realistic hardware noise and finite measurement budgets at the larger scales targeted by the method.

The unresolved issue concerns whether the reported accuracy and scalability persist when state preparation, circuit execution, and probability estimation are affected by noise and sampling variability. Resolving it is necessary to assess the practical reliability of Q-Edge on near-term quantum devices.