Origin of Standard Model masses and mixing angles

Determine the theoretical origin of the numerical values of the Standard Model’s empirical parameters—particularly particle masses and mixing angles—that are presently treated as arbitrary inputs and lack explanation within the Standard Model, thereby addressing the mass-parameter proliferation problem.

Background

In the Standard Model, at least nineteen parameters must be fixed by experiment, with most of them being particle masses and mixing angles. The numerical values of these quantities have no derivation within the Standard Model and are widely regarded as arbitrary inputs.

The paper positions this long-standing issue—often associated with the mass-hierarchy problem—as a central motivation for developing the Recognition Science framework, which claims to predict masses without adjustable parameters. The Particle Data Group is cited as noting a lack of decisive progress on this front over decades.